Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease characterized by the lipoproteinaceous material within the alveoli and terminal bronchioli. We described here a patient with the idiopatic form and currently seen like an autoimmune disease by the existence of autoantibodies against GM-CSF, damaging the functioning of the
alveolar macrophage The result is a defect of clearance of surfactant material as well as heightened susceptibility to infections. The pacient here described, showed
insidious onset and unusual clinical feature, with slighting impairment of tests of pulmonary function, and distinctive radiological findings of PAP, whose diagnostic
was confirmed by open-lung biopsy. The gold-standart treatment nowadays still is the whole lung lavage, this treatment realized in this case.

Keywords: 1. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis;
2. Granulocyte-macrophagecolony-
stimulating factor;
3. Lung lavage.