Effects of exercise on endolthelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Endothelial dysfunction is defined as the set of changes found in the interface between blood elements and the surrounding tissues. Endothelial dysfunction is studied under various conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, among others. This review intends to describe the existing evidence and / or proposed theories about endothelial dysfunction in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus, covering not only its interference in the genesis of endothelial dysfunction, as well as their relevance to the treatment and even prevention to this lesion that signals
the beginning of many ills of cardiovascular patients with diabetes. The mechanisms by which diabetes contributes to endothelial dysfunction are not fully elucidated, but it is likely that hyperglycemia is a major insult to their occurrence. The concentrations of endothelium-derived nitric oxide have often been described as normal in the euglycemic diabetic patients with optimal treatment and programs of regular exercise, but in the hyperglycemic state, their degradation and function are altered. The concept of endothelial dysfunction as a potential mediator for increased risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is widespread in the literature, and restoration or maintenance of endothelial function from non-pharmacological measures, especially the effect of exercise physical, are suggested as very important in the ending outcome of these patients.